Macintosh History: 1993

Dan Knight

Round One

Ten years and one month after announcing the Lisa, Apple launched six new models: a faster LC, a color Classic, two low priced cousins to the Quadra, a new Quadra, and a color PowerBook. Let's look at them in order of speed.

Apple also passed the 10 million Mac mark in February 1993.

Hold on to your hat: 1993 was the wildest year for model introductions in Apple's history.

The Classic Gets Color

By grafting a 10" color screen with an LC II/Classic II motherboard in a case just a bit larger than that used by earlier compact Macs, the Color Classic was born. It was nearly as cute as the iMac, took the Apple IIe card to make it appeal to schools, and had the same limitations as the LC II and Classic II.

Apple got a lot of mileage from that 16-bit board with 10 MB maximum memory, but that just means the Color Classic is a Road Apple, just like the other Macs with the same hardware architecture.

Regardless, there is something of a cult following for the Color Classic. They are quite rare on the used market - and some users have managed to hack in 68040 boards and even G3 upgrades into the smallest color Macintosh.

The LC Grows Up

The original LC would have seemed pathetically slow if Apple hadn't introduced the even slower Mac Classic at the same time. The LC II offered no more speed, just a bit more memory (4 MB instead of 2 MB) and virtual memory.

The LC III offered significantly more performance in the same compact case. The 25 MHz 68030 sat on a 32-bit data bus, which made it over twice as fast as the earlier 16 MHz models hobbled by a 16-bit data path. And Apple replaced the 10 MB memory ceiling with a 36 MB one, which gave the LC III a lot more room to grow.

The PowerBook Gets Color

Essentially a PowerBook 180 with an 8-bit 640 x 400 passive matrix color screen, the PowerBook 165 was a big hit - and only the first color PowerBook of the year.

Centris: Quadra Light

Apple started migrating users toward the 68040 with two new Centris models, so named because they fit the center between Quadras and 68030-based Macs. (I'm not sure which name is more lame: Centris or Performa. Apple thought Centris was, since it abandoned the name in October 1993.)

The Centris 650 shared the same case as the Mac IIvi, IIvx, and Performa 600, but put a 25 MHz 68040 processor on the motherboard. It could handle lots of memory, an internal CD-ROM player, and even had ethernet in most configurations. Even today the Centris 650 is a best buy on the used Mac market.

With the Centris 610, Apple introduced a slimline case with no NuBus slots. Boasting a 20 MHz 68LC040 (a 68040 without a math section), the 610 handily outperformed the IIci and IIvx. As with the 650, some versions of the 610 even had ethernet ports.

Quadra Heavy

Except for a difficult to open and work inside case, the Quadra 800 was one of Apple's best machines of 1993. The minitower made a great graphics workstation at 33 MHz, and also a very competent server. It also pretty much made the Quadra 950 obsolete.

Round Two

But Apple didn't stop with the February introductions. June saw three new models, then two more in July, and another in August.

Beyond the Color Classic

Released in June 1993, the LC 520 was the first all-in-one Mac designed around a 14" color monitor, making it quite a bit larger than the Color Classic. But it was also a lot more computer, since it was designed around an LC III motherboard with a 32-bit data path and 25 MHz processor.

The LC 520 was designed specifically for the education market, where the reduced number of cables and easy setup would be beneficial.

More PowerBooks

Of the two June PowerBooks, the 145b was designed as a more affordable version of the PowerBook 145, while the 180c grafted a 640 x 480 active matrix color screen onto the 180, giving the 165c some real competition.

Let's Get Audio-Visual

In July 1993, Apple brought out the Centris 660av and Quadra 840av. The 660av ran a 25 MHz 68040 along with a 55 MHz AT&T digital signal processor (DSP). Housed in the same case as the Centris 610, the 660av was a powerhouse when dealing with audio or video input.

The same can be said of the 840av with its 40 MHz 68040 and 66 MHz AT&T DSP, which was the fastest 68040-based model Apple ever released.

In addition to audio and video I/O, both AV models used a high speed serial port dubbed the GeoPort, which could be used for telecommunication, faxing, and telephony. With the right software and a GeoPort modem, these models can connect to the internet, send and receive faxes, and run a voice mail system for your office.

Another PowerBook

Still not running out of steam, the PowerBook 165 came out in August, replacing the 160 and sporting a 33 MHz processor.

Round Three

Enough? Not for Apple, which seemed to overwhelm the Mac community with one new model after another.

Then came the October releases: seven more models!

Beyond the LC III

Take an LC III, replace the 25 MHz CPU with a 33 MHz one, and you've got the Peforma 460, also known as the LC III+ in some markets.

Beyond the LC 520

Take the LC 520, paint it black, create a matching black mouse and keyboard, then drop in a TV tuner, and you've got MacTV, a very limited production model built to test the concept of melding a TV and computer in a single unit.

Most sources peg production at about 10,000 units, although some estimates are twice that high. And although it wasn't quite as hot as Apple had hoped (in part due to selling it only through consumer electronics outlets), those who own MacTV don't want to give them up.

Unfortunately, Apple made some serious design compromises with MacTV.

• The 32-bit 32 MHz 68030 ran on a 16-bit data bus.
• It could only address 8 MB of memory.
• Although it could display 16-bit TV images, computer images were only 8-bit.
• You either watched TV or computed; you couldn't do both at once.

Had Apple used some of the Quadra AV technology to allow capturing TV images to QuickTime and display a small TV image within a window, along with the ability to accept more memory, MacTV could have been a lot more than an odd footnote in Apple's history. (Yes, it did earn the Road Apple label.)

Beyond Centris

As mentioned earlier, Apple dropped the Centris name in October. The Centris 610 became a Quadra 610, and the CPU was boosted to 25 MHz and was almost always the full 68040, not the math deprived 68LC040.

The Centris 650 likewise became the Quadra 650, also seeing a performance boost. With a 33 MHz 68040, it offered the same power as the Quadra 800 in a more traditional desktop configuration. It is also an excellent value on the used market today.

More Duos

The PowerBook Duo 250 replaced the 230, and the 270c added color to the equation, including a 16-bit option at a reduced screen size of 640 x 400.

The Competition

With so many models to choose from, who needs competition? Apple has so many models, some available with two or three different names, that it was rumored nobody knew the entire product line or what was current at any given moment.

Sometimes choice is good, but sometimes you can have too much of a good thing.

In the Wintel world, where Windows 3.1 was making serious inroads, the new Pentium chip was the rage - although it would soon become the butt of jokes when an undetected math bug surfaced and the CPU was recalled.

Microsoft reported 25 million Windows users in 1993, and NeXT released NeXTSTEP for Intel.

And Motorola first showed the PowerPC in 1993. More on that in 1994!

Personal Perspective

These were heady days with new models almost every month. I have a lot of experience with some of these, starting with the Centris 610 I bought in the spring of 1993 and just replaced in June 1998. When I bought it, I suddenly had more power at home than anything we had at work, since our powerhouse computer was the IIci.

We have several LC IIIs at work, which have really begun showing their age over the last year or so. Still, for six year old computers, they have earned their keep. These have been very stable machines, and we especially like the built in support for the Portrait Display.

We have a lot of Quadras at work, mostly 650s, but also a 660av (which I used for several months), a couple 800s, and one 840av. Although the AVs were initially a bit buggy, moving to System 7.5 and beyond has made them some of our most stable machines.

I also have my own 660av and 650 now, both running Mac OS 8.1 very comfortably. My goal is to set up the 660av with a GeoPort modem and make it a voice mail and fax server. The 650 is busy as an web and email server.

My second son would love to get his hands on a reasonably priced Color Classic. I can sorta understand that, as it's another seductive model from the folks in Cupertino. So far, he's come close to acquiring one twice, but he doesn't yet own one.